Use of Social Networking Sites among Undergrade-level Women and its Effect on their Plans to Start a Business

Authors

  • Tanjela Hossain Assistant Professor, Dept. of Business Administration, Central Women’s University, Bangladesh. Author
  • Md Mahbub Iqbal Lecturer, Dept. of Business Administration, Central Women’s University, Bangladesh. Author
  • Hasan Shirazi Associate Professor, Dept. of Business Administration, Central Women’s University, Bangladesh. Author
  • Md. Asad Noor Assistant Professor, Green Business School, Green University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2022.3609%20

Keywords:

Female Entrepreneurship, Social Media, Private University, Undergraduate and Women Empowerment

Abstract

This study looks at how Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have impacted the business interests  of Bangladeshi college-aged women. The research methodology incorporates the technology  acceptance paradigm and a model of technology adoption and usage. The survey was developed,  checked for accuracy, and released to the public. According to the results, students' usage of  social networking sites affects their confidence in their capacity to succeed and their desire to do  so. These results have real-world and theoretical ramifications for policymakers and  entrepreneurial education, such as using widely used yet cutting-edge communication and  Internet tools to inspire young people to start their own businesses. In this analysis, we test the  hypothesis that there is a connection between the time spent on social networking sites (SNS)  and measures of confidence in, and desire for, starting one's own business. Over two hundred  and fifty female students from Private Universities in Bangladesh participated in online  questionnaires and correlation tests. More time spent on social networking sites is correlated with  more serious business thinking and behavior. Students of all sexes and all ages use Facebook, but  younger students and women in particular associate the platform with entrepreneurial aspirations  and attitudes more strongly than their male counterparts. There is a greater understanding of the relationship between social media presence and entrepreneurship factors because to this research.  The researchers sorted the interviewees' responses into four groups based on their findings: how  often they used SNS, how much they felt supported by SNS, how secure they felt in their  entrepreneurial conduct, and how ambitious they wanted to be as business owners’ Important  motifs were also determined for each class. Institutions of higher learning may and should use  social media to promote and educate aspiring business owners.

References

Adekiya, A.A., & Ibrahim, F. (2016). Entrepreneurship intention among students. The antecedent role of culture and entrepreneurship training and development. The International Journal of Management Education, 14(2), 116-132.

Aggrawal, A. (2019) Work-Family Balance from Women Technopreneurs’ Perspectives: A Qualitative Enquiry, Women Entrepreneurs and Strategic Decision Making in the Global Economy, chapter-10, 195-208. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7479-8.ch010.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Alom, S., Patwary, A. K., & Khan, M. M. H. (2019). Factors affecting the turnover intention of Bangladeshi migrants in the United Arab Emirates: An empirical study on the hotel industry. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 8(3), 344-360.

Bhaskar, A.U., & Garimella, S. (2017). A study of predictors of entrepreneurial intentions: Development of comprehensive measures. Global Business Review, 18(3), 629-651.

Cesaroni, F. M., Demartini, P. & Paoloni, P. (2017) Women in business and social media: Implications for female entrepreneurship in emerging countries. African Journal of Business Management, 11(14), 316-326.

Chen, C., Greene, P., and Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venture. 13, 295–316. DOI: 10.1016/s0883-9026(97)00029-3

Cheng, C.C.J., Shiu, E, C. (2019) How to enhance SMEs customer involvement using social media: the role of Social CRM. International Small Business J0urnal: Researching Entrepreneurship. 37 (1), 22–42.

Corral de Zubielqui, G., & Jones, J. (2020). How and when social media affects innovation in start-ups. A moderated mediation models. Industrial Marketing Management, 85, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.11.006

Dabic, M., Daim, T., Bayraktaroglu, E., Novak, I., & Basic, M. (2012). Exploring gender differences in attitudes of university students towards entrepreneurship: an international survey. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 316-336.

De Araújo, M. K. F., Silva, R. L. S., De Mesquita, R. F., & Matos, F. R. N. (2020) May That Nothing Limit Us, May That Nothing Define Us: The Context of Women Entrepreneurs in Start-ups, Handbook of Research on Approaches to Alternative Entrepreneurship Opportunities, Chapter- 19, 395-409. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1981-3.ch019.

Díaz-García, M.C., & Jiménez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(3), 261-283.

Drummond, C., McGrath, H., O’Toole, T. (2018). The impact of social media on resource mobilization in entrepreneurial firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 70, 68–89.

Dutta, D.K., Gwebu, K.L., & Wang, J. (2015). Personal innovativeness in technology, related knowledge and experience, and entrepreneurial intentions in emerging technology industries: A process of causation or effectuation? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(3), 529-555.

Engle, R. L., Schlaegel, C., & Delanoe, S. (2011). The role of social influence, culture, and gender on entrepreneurial intent. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 24(4), 471–492. doi:10.1080/08276331.2011.10593549

Fitzsimmons, J.R., & Douglas, E.J. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440.

Franke, N., and Lüthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students benchmarking study. Int. Journal of Innovation, Technology, and Management. 1, 269–288. DOI: 10.1142/s0219877004000209

Genç, M. & Oksu ̈z, B. (2015). A fact or an Illusion: Effective social media usage of female entrepreneurs. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 293-300.

Golic, Z. (2019) Problem of Financing Women Entrepreneurs: Experience of Women Entrepreneurs in Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, Women Entrepreneurs and Strategic Decision Making in the Global Economy, Chapter- 14, 278-304. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7479-8.ch014.

Goyanes, M. (2015). Factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students pursuing journalism and media studies: Evidence from Spain. International Journal on Media Management, 17(2), 109–126. doi:10.1080/14241277.2015.1055748

Haus, I., Steinmetz, H., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2013). Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytical structural equation model. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 130-156.

Henley, A. (2007). From entrepreneurial aspiration and transition to business start-up: evidence from British longitudinal data. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(3), 253- 280. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620701223080.

Hennig-Thurau, T., Malthouse, E.C., Friege, C., Gensler, S., Lobschat, L., Rangaswamy, A., & Skiera, B. (2010). The impact of new media on customer relationships. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 311-330.

Isiwu, P. I., & Onwuka, I. (2017). Psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial intention among women in Nigeria: A study based in south East Nigeria. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 26(2), 176–195. doi:10.1177/0971355717708846

Kaplan, A.M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68

Kirakosyan, K. (2014). The managerial view of social media usage in the banking industry: a case study for the Romanian banking system. Proceedings of the International Management Conference, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, 8(1), 225-241.

Kong, F., Zhao, L., & Tsai, C. H. (2020). The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Intention and Action: The Effects of Fear of Failure and Role Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00229

Krueger Jr, N.F., Reilly, M.D., & Carsrud, A.L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432.

Krueger Jr, NF, & Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104.

Li, L., Wu, B., & Patwary, A. K. (2022). How marine tourism promote financial development in sustainable economy: new evidences from South Asia and implications to future tourism students. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(1), 1155-1172.

Mars, M.M., Slaughter, S. & Rhoades, G. (2008) ‘The State-Sponsored Student Entrepreneur’, The Journal of Higher Education, 79(6), 638-70.

Mashingaidze, M. (2022) Women Entrepreneurship Through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond, COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on New Economy Development and Societal Change, Chapter-16, 324-345. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3374-4.ch016.

Mayfield, A. (2008). “What is Social Media? iCrossing.” Available online at: http://crmxchange.com/uploadedFiles/White_Papers/PDF/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossin g_ebook.pdf [Accessed on August 31,2022].

Mehjabeen, M. (2022) Empowering women entrepreneurs through financial literacy, The Financial Express [Online]. Available at; https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/views/empowering-women-entrepreneurs-through financial-literacy-1657811252. [Accessed on September 01, 2022]

Melissa, E., Hamidati, A. & Saraswati, M. S. (2013) Socia lMedia Empowerment: How social media Helps to Boost Women Entrepreneurship in Indonesian Urban Areas. The IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication and Film, 1(1), 77-90.

Millman, C., Li, Z., Matlay, H., & Wong, W.C. (2010). Entrepreneurship education and students’ internet entrepreneurship intentions: Evidence from Chinese HEIs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 17(4), 569-590.

Miranda, F.J., Chamorro-Mera, A., Rubio, S., & Pérez-Mayo, J. (2017). Academic entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 66-86.

Mujeri, M. K. (2019) Female entrepreneurship in Bangladesh, The Financial Express [Online]. Available at: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/female-entrepreneurship-in bangladesh-1553181544. [Accessed on September 01, 2022]

Mukolwe, E. & Korir, J. (2016) social media, and Entrepreneurship: Tools, Benefits, and Challenges. A Case Study of Women Online Entrepreneurs on Kilimani Mums Marketplace on Facebook. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 6(8), 248-256.

Nasir, N.A.B.M., Nawi, N.B.C., Mamun, A.A., Fazal, S.A., & Raston, N.B.A. (2017). Examining the issues influencing the depth of social media usage as a business platform among student entrepreneurs. Advanced Science Letters, 23(9), 8210-8217.

Nobi, M. N. (2018) A Comparative Study of the Socio-economic Profile of Public and Private University Students in Bangladesh, Open Journal of Social Sciences 30(1).

Oke, D. F. (2013) The Effect of Social Network on women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria: A case study of Ado- Ekiti Small scale Enterprise. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(11), 1-14.

Orlikowski, W.J. (2002) Knowing in practice: enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing. Organization Science. 13 (3), 249–273.

Parvez, S. (2018) Female graduates most unemployed. The Daily Star, 8 March. [Online] Available from: https://www.thedailystar.net/business/female-graduates-most-unemployed 1545148 [Accessed on August 31, 2022].

Patwary, A. K. (2022). Examining environmentally responsible behaviour, environmental beliefs and conservation commitment of tourists: a path towards responsible consumption and production in tourism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-10.

Patwary, A. K., & Omar, H. (2020). The influence of dissatisfied tourists' non-behavioral approach on overall visit satisfaction: a study on Malaysian domestic tourists. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4), 1388-1393.

Patwary, A. K., Alwi, M. K., Rehman, S. U., Rabiul, M. K., Babatunde, A. Y., & Alam, M. M. D. (2022). Knowledge management practices on innovation performance in the hotel industry: mediated by organizational learning and organizational creativity. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, (ahead-of-print).

Patwary, A. K., Mohamed, M., Rabiul, M. K., Mehmood, W., Ashraf, M. U., & Adamu, A. A. (2022). Green purchasing behaviour of international tourists in Malaysia using green marketing tools: theory of planned behaviour perspective. Nankai Business Review International.

Patwary, A. K., Omar, H., & Tahir, S. (2020). A conceptual model of what influences consumers when visiting green hotels in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(11), 11-25.

Patwary, A. K., Omar, H., & Tahir, S. (2021). the impact of perceived environmental responsibility on tourists 'intention to visit green hotel: the mediating role of attitude. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 34(1), 9-13.

Patwary, A. K., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Rabiul, M. K., Aziz, R. C., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2022). Linking environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, altruism, and intention toward green hotels through ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (ahead-of-print).

Politis, D., Winborg, J. & Dahlstrand, Å. L. (2011) ‘Exploring the Resource Logic of Student Entrepreneurs’, International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrpreneurship, 30(6), 659-683.

Purewal, S. 2001, ‘This Entrepreneur Makes You Laugh’, The Tribune India [Online]. Available at: http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010627/biz.htm [ Accessed on August 20, 2022]

Rwigema, H., & Venter, R. (2004). Advanced entrepreneurship (3rd ed.). Cape Town, Oxford University Press.

Sánchez, J.C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447-465.

Santos, J. D. S, Lima Jr, J. D. O, Mesquita, R. F. D, & Cruz, V. L (2020), Women’s Self Perception of Opportunities and Challenges for Entrepreneurship, Handbook of Research on Approaches to Alternative Entrepreneurship Opportunities, chapter-18, 379-394. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1981-3.ch018

Saunders, M.; Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2016) Research Methods for Business Students, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, London.

Shapero, A., & Sokol L. (1982), ‘The social dimensions of entrepreneurship’. In: Kent, C.A., Sexton, D.L., Vesper, K.H. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: NJ

Smith, C., Smith, J.B., Shaw, E. (2017) Embracing digital networks: Entrepreneurs’ social capital online, Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier. 32 (1), 18–34.

Sperber, S., & Linder, C. (2018). Gender-specifics in start-up strategies and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, Small Business Economics, 53(2), 533-546. doi:10.1007/s11187-018-9999-2.

Sultana, T. (2022) Start-up boom in Bangladesh, The Financial Express. [Online] Available at: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/views/startup-boom-in-bangladesh 1658303801.[Accessed on August 30, 2022]

Sweida, G.L., & Reichard, R.J. (2013). Gender stereotyping affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy and high-growth entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(2), 296-313.

Thomas, L., Orme, E., Kerrigan, F. (2020) Student loneliness: the role of social media through life transitions. Computers & Education, 146, 103754.

Turulja, L., Veselinovic, L., Agic, E. & Pasic-Mesihovic, A. (2020) Entrepreneurial intention of students in Bosnia and Herzegovina: what type of support matters?, Economic Research Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2713-2732, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2020.1730216

UNDP (2014) Entrepreneurship for Development. General Assembly. [Online] Available from: https://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a69d320_en.pdf [Accessed on September 4, 2022].

Upkere, C. L., Slabbert, A. D. & Upkere, W. I. (2014) Rising Trend in Social Media Usage by Women Entrepreneurs across the Globe to Unlock Their Potentials for Business Success. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10), 551-559.

Urban, B., & Kujinga, L. (2017). The institutional environment and social entrepreneurship intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(4), 638-655.

Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13(6), 538-559.

Vesalainen, J., & Pihkala, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial identity, intention, and the effect of the push-factor. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 145-151.

Vivakaran, M. V. & Maraimalai, N. (2016) Feminist pedagogy and social media: A study on their integration and effectiveness in training budding women entrepreneurs. Gender and Education. [Online] 1(1), 1-21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1225008 [Accessed on August 31, 2022].

Wang, G., Zhang, W., Zeng, R., (2019) WeChat use intensity and social support: the moderating effect of motivators for WeChat use. Computers in Human Behavior, 91, 244–251.

Wang, W., Lu, W., & Millington, J. K. (2011). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among college students in China and USA. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 1(1), 35-44.

Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387- 406.

Wong, M., & Choo, S. (2009). Entrepreneurial Intention: Trigger and barrier to new venture creation in Singapore. Singapore Management Review, 28(2), 47-64.

Zheng, L., & Zheng, T. (2014). Innovation through social media in the public sector: Information and interactions. Government Information Quarterly, 31, S106-S117.

Web References:

Preliminary Report on Population and Housing Census (2022):

http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872 f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf

Internet users in Bangladesh: http://old.btrc.gov.bd/telco/internet Social media users in Bangladesh https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-bangladesh

https://napoleoncat.com/stats/social-media-users-in-bangladesh/

Downloads

Published

2022-12-06