Online Communication Behaviors in Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Influence of Internal Public Relations Practices and Employee Organization Relationships

Authors

  • Ahmad Alsharairi School of Multimedia Technology & Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Author
  • Jamilah Jamal School of Multimedia Technology & Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Author
  • Norhafezah Yusof School of Multimedia Technology & Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Author

Keywords:

Online Communication Behaviors, Transparent Communication, Symmetrical Communication, Employee Organization Relationships, Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Health organizations are increasingly looking for effective strategies for interaction and for maintaining long-term and mutually beneficial relationships with their employees. The growth of digital environments in particular, during Covid-19 Pandemic has offered a fresh avenue for employees to communicate with external publics through social media in crisis. During Covid

19 Pandemic, major healthcare sectors have been deeply impacted, nurses in Jordanian hospitals are suffering from a great challenge from their top management due to weak transparent communication and during a crisis, many reports nurses indicate that their organizations or leaders do not promote communication or the sharing of information and ideas. This represents the problem in which nurses do not have faith in the tolerance or benevolence of their managers. Jordanian hospitals reputation is increasingly questioned during the COVID-19 crisis (World Health Organization, 2020). This crisis involving Jordanian hospitals has resulted in declining nurses trust in the health care sector and their nurses more adversaries by sharing negative information about their hospitals on social media. ultimately turned into emergence of crisis communication in the healthcare sector and the decline of nurses’ support for their management. If the current trend persists, may likely lead to an unfavorable reputation for future of health care sector in Jordan. Taking this into consideration, the current paper expects to further explore and comprehend, employee's online communication behaviors during Covid-19 Pandemic in Jordanian public hospitals. This conceptual paper debates the antecedents that contribute across Jordanian nurses' motivation in online communication behaviors based on a comprehensive literature review. In particular, the paper elaborates on the proposed relationships between transparent communication, symmetrical communication employee organization relationships, and online communication behaviors. Based on the extended discussions of the proposed relationships, the paper also provides an effective framework for future public relations scholarship of understanding employees’ communication behaviors in online sitting. Therefore, identifying antecedents of employee communication behaviors is a very pertinent, timely initiative to restore employees trust and obtain their support during a crisis. This can be done by utilizing a specific mechanism to decrease threats in the public health sector and create positive results, such as positive employee communication behaviors.

References

Allen, D. S. (2008). The trouble with transparency: The challenges of doing journalism ethics in a surveillance society. Journalism Studies, 9(3), 323-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700801997224

Andersson, R. (2019). Employee communication responsibility: its antecedents and implications for strategic communication management. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(1), 60-75.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1547731

Berggren, E., & Bernshteyn, R. (2007). Organizational transparency drives company performance. Journal of Management Development, 26, 411-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621710710748248

Charoensukmongkol, P., & Phungsoonthorn, T. (2020). The interaction effect of crisis communication and social support on the emotional exhaustion of university employees during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Business Communication, 2329488420953188.

Chon, M. G., & Park, H. (2021). Predicting public support for government actions in a public health crisis: Testing fear, organization-public relationship, and behavioral intention in the framework of the situational theory of problem solving. Health

Communication, 36(4), 476-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1700439

Dreher, S. (2014). Social media and the world of work: A strategic approach to employees’ participation in social media. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 19(4), 344–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/ccij-10-2013-0087

Fombrun, C. J. (2007). List of lists: A compilation of international corporate reputation ratings. Corporate Reputation Review, 10, 144-153. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550047

Gower, K. K. (2006). Truth and transparency. In K. Fitzpatrick & C. Bronstein (Eds.), Ethics in public relations: Responsible advocacy (pp. 89-105). SAGE Publishing.

Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (1992). Models of public relations and communications. In J. Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in public relations and communication management (pp. 285– 326). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E., & Dozier, D. (2002). Excellent public relations and effective organisations: A study of communication management in three countries. Erlbaum

Hon, L. C., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from http://painepublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/10/Guidelines_ Measuring_Relationships.pdf

Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3), 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1043-2

Jiang, H., & Luo, Y. (2018). Crafting employee trust: From authenticity, transparency to engagement. Journal of Communication Management, 22(2), 138–160. https:// doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2016-0055

Jo, S., & Shim, S. (2005). Paradigm shift of employee communication: The effect of management communication on trusting relationships. Public Relations Review, 31(2), 277–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.02.012

Kang, M., & Kang, M. (2017). How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors: The mediation of employee-organisation relationships. Journal of Communication Management, 21(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JCOM-04-2016-0026

Kim, C.M., & Freberg, K. (2020). Social care and professional standards: developing an ethical decision-making model. Public Relations Journal, 13(3), 1-23

Kim, J. N., & Rhee, Y. (2011). Strategic thinking about employee communication behavior (ECB) in public relations: Testing the models of megaphoning and scouting effects in Korea. Journal of Public Relations Research, 23(3), 243-268.

Kim, J., & Sung, M. (2016). The value of public relations: Different impacts of communal and exchange relationships on perceptions and communicative behavior. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1191014

Lee, Y. (2017). Exploring the impacts of relationship on employees’ communicative behaviors during issue periods based on employee position. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 22(4), 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-03-2017-0022

Lee, Y. (2018). Dynamics of symmetrical communication within organizations: the impacts of channel usage of CEO, managers, and peers. International Journal of Business Communication, 1-19. doi: 10.1177/2329488418803661

Lee, Y. (2020). Motivations of employees' communicative behaviors on social media. Internet Research, 30(3), 971-994. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-06-2019-0264

Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2020). De-motivating employees’ negative communication behaviors on anonymous social media: The role of public relations. Public Relations Review, 46(4), Article 101955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev. 2020.101955

Lee, Y., Mazzei, A., & Kim, J. N. (2018). Looking for motivational routes for employee generated innovation: Employees' scouting behavior. Journal of Business Research, 91, 286-294.

Li, J. Y., Sun, R., Tao, W., & Lee, Y. (2021). Employee coping with organizational change in the face of a pandemic: The role of transparent internal communication. Public Relations Review, 47(1), Article 101984.

Mazzei, A., Kim, J. N., & Dell'Oro, C. (2012). Strategic value of employee relationships and communicative actions: Overcoming corporate crisis with quality internal communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 6(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X. 2011.634869

Men, L. (2012). The effects of organizational leadership on strategic internal communication and employee outcomes [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL].

Men, L. R. (2014). Why leadership matters to internal communication: Linking transformational leadership, symmetrical communication, and employee outcomes. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(3), 256-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.908719

Men, L. R., & Stacks, D. (2014). The effects of authentic leadership on strategic internal communication and employee-organisation relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(4), 301-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X. 2014.908720

Men, L. R., & Stacks, D. (2014). The effects of authentic leadership on strategic internal communication and employee-organisation relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(4), 301-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X. 2014.908720

Men, L. R., & Tsai, W. H. S. (2014). Perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral outcomes of organisation–public engagement on corporate social networking sites. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.951047

Miles, S. J., & Mangold, W. G. (2014). Employee voice: Untapped resource or social media time bomb? Business Horizons, 57(3), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bushor.2013.12.011

Pekkala, K. (2020). Managing the communicative organisation: A qualitative analysis of knowledge-intensive companies. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(3), 551-571. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-02-2020-0040

Rawlins, B. (2009). Give the emperor a mirror: Toward developing a stakeholder measurement of organisational transparency. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260802153421

Rawlins, B. R. (2008). Measuring the relationship between organizational transparency and employee trust. Public Relations Journal, 2(2),

Ruck, K., Welch, M., & Menara, B. (2017). Employee voice: An antecedent to organisational engagement? Public Relations Review, 43(5), 904–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.04.008

Smith, B. G., Stumberger, N., Guild, J., & Dugan, A. (2017). What’s at stake? An analysis of employee social media engagement and the influence of power and social stake. Public Relations Review, 43(5), 978–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.pubrev.2017.04. 010.

van Zoonen, W., Bartels, J., van Prooijen, A. M., & Schouten, A. P. (2018). Explaining online ambassadorship behaviors on Facebook and LinkedIn. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 354–362. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.031

Walden, J., Jung, E. H., & Westerman, C. Y. (2017). Employee communication, job engagement, and organizational commitment: A study of members of the Millennial Generation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 29(2–3), 73–89. doi:10.1080/1062726X.2017.1329737

Wang, Y. (2020). When relationships meet situations: Exploring the antecedents of employee communication behaviors on social media. Social Science Computer Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320904719

Xing, C., & Zhang, R. (2021, January). COVID-19 in China: Responses, challenges and implications for the health system. Healthcare, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010082

Yue, C. A., Men, L. R., & Ferguson, M. A. (2019). Bridging transformational Leadership, transparent communication, and employee openness to change: The mediating role of trust. Public Relations Review, 45(3), Article 101779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.04. 012.

Downloads

Published

2022-02-08